미래 선도형 국가로의 도약을 위한 신산업 혁신 전략 연구 - 첨단바이오와 기후기술 분야를 중심으로 -

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미래 선도형 국가로의 도약을 위한 신산업 혁신 전략 연구 - 첨단바이오와 기후기술 분야를 중심으로 - A Study on New Industry Innovation Strategies for Leaping Forward as a Future-Leading Nation : Focusing on the Advanced Biotechnology and Climate Technology Sectors

미래 선도형 국가로의 도약을 위한 신산업 혁신 전략 연구 - 첨단바이오와 기후기술 분야를 중심으로 -원문 다운로드 미래 선도형 국가로의 도약을 위한 신산업 혁신 전략 연구 - 첨단바이오와 기후기술 분야를 중심으로 -원문보기

보고서명
미래 선도형 국가로의 도약을 위한 신산업 혁신 전략 연구 - 첨단바이오와 기후기술 분야를 중심으로 -
보고서명(영문)
A Study on New Industry Innovation Strategies for Leaping Forward as a Future-Leading Nation : Focusing on the Advanced Biotechnology and Climate Technology Sectors

책임자 오윤환
소속기관과학기술정책연구원
내부연구참여자김석관,윤정섭,신기윤,이동우,조원선,김가은,서현정,이선아,전수경,진설아,진우석
외부연구참여자
발행기관 과학기술정책연구원
ISBN979-11-24145-12-8
출판년도2025
페이지385
보고서유형 기본연구보고서
연구유형 정책
표준분류 과학기술 > 과학기술일반
자료유형연구보고서
공공누리유형 4유형 (출처표시+상업적이용금지+변경금지)
주제어신산업,산업혁신,산업정책,첨단바이오,기후기술

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■연구 목적
○ 우리 정부는 추격형 국가에서 선도형 국가로의 전환을 위하여 산업혁신정책을 추진 중인 가운데, 신산업 분야에서도 정책의 실효성과 산업적 파급효과를 제고하기 위한 혁신 전략의 모색이 필요
- 경제성장에 주로 초점을 둔 현재의 전략은 첨단기술의 유망성 및 산업경제적 파급효과에 지나치게 집중함에 따라 우리 산업경제의 당면 현안 대응에는 한계가 있다는 지적
- 나아가, 글로벌 중추 국가로의 도약 및 선도형 경제로의 전환을 위해서는 선제적인 글로벌 이슈 제기 및 주도하는 것이 중요
○ 변화하는 대외 기술·산업 환경에의 능동적 대응을 위해서는 기존 현안 대응 관점의 ‘추격형’ 혁신 전략에서 벗어나, 선제적으로 이슈를 제기하고 주도할 수 있는 ‘선도형’ 혁신 전략이 필요
- 다양한 혁신정책들 간의 정책조합(policy mix)을 정교하게 설계·운영하는 ‘미래 선도형 신산업 혁신 전략’으로 전환할 필요도 제기

■주요 내용
○ 신산업 혁신의 정의 및 신산업의 출현과 발전 경로에 대하여 살펴보고, 신산업 혁신정책에 대한 이론적 배경을 검토(2장)
- 신산업 혁신정책의 필요성과 한계, 최근의 신산업 혁신정책의 부활과 관된 쟁점들을 정리
- 국내 주요 신산업 혁신정책에 대하여 현황을 분석하고 이들이 활용하고 있는 정책수단의 조합이 미래 선도형 신산업 육성 관점에서 적절하고 효과적인지 산·학·연 전문가 의견을 수렴
○ 분야별 사례연구로 첨단바이오(3장)와 기후기술(4장)에 대한 연구를 수행
- (첨단바이오) 기존 전통바이오 중심의 산업 구조가, 첨단 디지털기술의 융합을 통한 전환 과정에서의 한국의 신산업 전략 모색
- (기후기술) 기후변화, 탄소중립 등에 대한 글로벌 관심이 확대되고 있는 가운데, 정책적 지원을 넘어 지속가능한 자생력을 확보하고 새롭게 태동하고 있는 산업에서의 신산업 전략 모색

■정책 대안
○ 첨단바이오 분야 신산업 혁신정책 제안
- 바이오파운드리 구축·운영을 위한 모듈형 생태계 구축
- 첨단바이오 규제 통합 플랫폼 구축 및 운영 고도화
- 'K-바이오' 특허의 질적 전환 및 국제표준 선점
- 전략적 국제협력을 통한 첨단바이오 플랫폼 연합 구축
○ 기후기술 기반 신산업 혁신전략 제안
- 환경정책과 혁신·산업정책의 연계 및 통합적 관점에서의 정책 추진, 범정부 차원의 거버넌스 마련
- 제조업과 연계한 기후기술 개발을 통한 혁신·경쟁력 강화 및 기후변화 대응의 동시 달성 도모
- R&D, 실증, 상용화, 확산 등을 아우르는 적절한 정책조합의 설계 및 활용 (성과연계형 세제·금융지원, 녹색공공조달 확대, 중소·중견기업 컨설팅 등)

A Study on New Industry Innovation Strategies for Leaping Forward as a Future-Leading Nation: Focusing on the Advanced Biotechnology and Climate Technology Sectors

ㆍProject Leader: Yoonhwan Oh
ㆍParticipants: Seok-Kwan Kim · Jungsub Yoon · Kiyoon Shin · Dongwoo Lee · One-Sun Cho · Gaeun Kim · Hyunjung Seo · Seona Lee · Su-Gyeong Jeon · Seol-A Jin · Wooseok Jin

Historically, Korea has demonstrated a capacity to implement effective strategies and policies for new industrial innovation, thereby achieving growth in areas such as memory semiconductors, CDMA technology commercialization, and IT industry development. While Korea's development model, which has been commended for its ability to successfully emulate the economic growth strategies employed by leading nations, is frequently referenced as a paradigm for other developing countries to emulate, it is simultaneously the subject of criticism with regard to its declining growth engines. The present industrial innovation strategy and associated policies are the subject of considerable criticism on account of their over-reliance on economic growth as a means of addressing the pressing challenges facing our industrial economy. These include deepening external instability and responding to global technological and industrial competition. Furthermore, it is argued that for Korea, having grown from a developing country to an emerging economy, to take the next step toward becoming an advanced nation, it must move beyond a 'catch-up' innovation strategy. This necessitates a paradigm shift towards a novel industrial innovation strategy that is not only proactive in addressing issues but also assumes responsibility within the global community. Furthermore, the advent of novel General Purpose Technologies (GPTs), such as artificial intelligence, has precipitated a realignment of boundaries between various industries, thereby rendering it increasingly challenging to respond solely through the utilization of existing sector-specific leadership strategies. Consequently, the time has come for a new 'New Industry Innovation Strategy' that aligns with this changed environment.
This study aims to propose a new industrial innovation strategy necessary for leapfrogging into a leading nation amid a rapidly changing global environment. Specifically, it examines the concept and direction of a future-oriented, leading-edge new industrial innovation strategy that aligns with accelerating advancements and convergence in cutting-edge technologies and expanding external uncertainties. Furthermore, it undertakes a detailed analysis of new industrial innovation strategies and policies by means of specific industrial case studies.
Firstly, the definition of new industry innovation was examined, as well as the emergence and development paths of new industries. In addition, the theoretical background for new industry innovation policies was reviewed (Chapter 2). As evidenced by a substantial number of prior studies conducted abroad, a variety of terms are employed to denote novel industrial sectors. These include 'emerging industry', 'new industry', 'infant industry' and 'nascent industry'. A consensus emerged among the participants regarding the definition of new industries, which was articulated as follows: "new industries can be defined as those which create new value chains, products/services, and market structures that are distinct from existing industrial structures. These new industries are driven by technological progress, changing demand, and policy promotion, while being accompanied by high uncertainty in technological, market, and institutional aspects." These novel industries are predicated on recently emergent technologies. The advent of new products, services and business models based on these technologies has the potential to give rise to 'new industries' that are distinct from existing ones. However, it should be noted that the fostering and ensuring of the stable growth of new industries requires a significant period of time, innovative efforts and supporting institutional and organizational changes. Consequently, governments pursue 'new industry innovation policies,' utilizing both fiscal means (e.g. subsidies, tax incentives) and non-fiscal means (e.g. infrastructure development, regulatory relaxation). While the rationale for policy intervention has varied over time, depending on the prevailing international order and technological development landscape, it has recently been confirmed that industrial policy is being reemphasized as a means to secure technological sovereignty and strengthen economic security.
In the meantime, the Korean government is implementing novel industry innovation policies through various national strategies, policies, and major plans. The present study examined the structural composition and operational direction of policy instruments in major national mid-to-long-term science, technology, and industry policies. The mid-to-long-term plan database, which is based on the National Science and Technology Information Service (NTIS), was utilized in order to conduct a comprehensive analysis of six major fields. These fields included overall coordination, ICT and convergence, life and medical, energy and environment, public and space, and machinery and materials. This analysis was conducted with respect to the major national mid-to-long-term science, technology, and industry policies that are currently in effect as of 2025. It was indicated by experts that, while the overall comprehensive design of policies, including the top-level master plans in the comprehensive field, was relatively well-established in terms of the structural aspects of domestic new industry innovation policies, the fragmented implementation by individual ministries showed limitations. It was observed that outcome-focused indicators for innovative products were not adequately reflected, thereby impeding the translation of innovation outcomes into actual market demand. It was determined that the implementation of a market creation support strategy was imperative to surmount this challenge. With regard to the appropriateness of policy instrument combinations, it was determined that major plans merely present policy instruments in parallel, with insufficient examination of their specificity, interrelationships, or the effectiveness of policy combinations. Effective linkage between instruments is necessary for them to contribute to new industry innovation. However, it was highlighted that detailed consideration of policy combinations remains lacking in both the policy formulation stage and implementation. Furthermore, in order to underpin the prospective cultivation of avant-garde new industries, it was determined that support at the stages of innovation demand and new market creation ought to be reinforced in comparison to the present level. Furthermore, it was deemed necessary to supplement approaches utilizing policy instruments such as public procurement, private demand creation, and Pre-Commercial Procurement (PCP).
The present study selected advanced biotechnology and climate technology as the representative fields of inquiry, and discussed innovation strategies and policies for new industries in each sector.
The advanced bio sector is set to emerge as a game-changer in the bio industry, with the potential to enhance the competitiveness of existing industries while simultaneously improving quality of life. This technology is garnering particular attention due to its capacity to address the prevalent issue of high investment costs and low success rates, a problem that has impeded the growth of conventional bio-industries. This objective is realized through a transition from the conventional, fundamental science-centric approach, to one that encompasses a convergence with advanced digital technologies. This enables acceleration, mass production, and cost reduction. Concurrently, the global bio supply chain, technology, and security issues have been thrust into the spotlight by the global COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, major nations are now demanding consideration at the national level for securing technological sovereignty in the advanced bio sector and enhancing supply chain resilience.
A comprehensive analysis of synthetic biology research capabilities, technological competitiveness as measured by patent data, and an assessment of biofoundry status in major countries was conducted. This analysis resulted in the proposal of four strategies for new industries in the advanced bio industry: i) the establishment of a modular ecosystem for biofoundry construction and operation, ii) the construction of an integrated advanced bio-regulation platform and the enhancement of its operation, iii) the achievement of a qualitative shift in 'K-Bio' patents and the preemption of international standards, and iv) the establishment of an advanced bio-platform alliance through strategic international cooperation.
In Chapter 4, we examined innovation strategies and policies for nascent industries in the climate technology sector. The expansion of climate change issues, such as global warming, has prompted numerous countries worldwide to establish their own carbon neutrality goals. Consequently, the development and diffusion of climate technologies have begun to emerge as a key challenge. However, climate technologies are now increasingly recognised not merely as instruments for responding to and adapting to climate change, but as core strategic assets for enhancing national security and industrial competitiveness. Consequently, countries worldwide are pursuing new industrialization through the commercialization of climate technologies via various policies. In the private sector, as investment markets become more focused on profitability, companies with business models based on climate technology now have to demonstrate clearer economic value. The objective of this study is to comprehend the evolving policy trends in climate technology and the tendencies in its development and utilization. From an industrial standpoint, the objective is to formulate strategies that will facilitate the evolution of climate technology into a new industry with industrial value.
This study was conducted to analyse global climate technology policy trends, examine technological competitiveness through patent analysis of climate technologies and patents citing them, and conduct business model analysis based on interviews with climate technology start-ups. This provided direction for a climate technology-based new industry innovation strategy from perspectives including governance system establishment, inter-industry linkage, and policy combinations. Firstly, policies should be promoted from an integrated perspective linking environmental policy with innovation and industrial policy. Secondly, a governance system capable of synthesizing pan-governmental discussions should be established and operated. Thirdly, manufacturing innovation and competitiveness enhancement should be achieved through climate technology development linked to manufacturing, while also addressing climate change. Finally, an appropriate policy mix encompassing R&D, demonstration, commercialization, and diffusion should be designed and utilized.

국문 요약 i

영문 요약 I

제1장 서론 1
제1절 연구의 배경 및 필요성 1
1. 글로벌 기술·산업 환경의 변화와 신산업 혁신 전략의 전환 1
2. 미래 선도형 신산업 혁신 전략의 필요성 2
제2절 연구의 목적 및 연구의 틀 6

제2장 신산업 혁신의 이해 및 국내 신산업 혁신정책 진단 8
제1절 신산업 혁신의 개념적 이해 8
1. 신산업 혁신의 정의 8
2. 신산업의 출현과 발전 13
제2절 신산업 혁신정책에 대한 이론적 배경 19
1. 신산업 혁신정책의 필요성 19
2. 신산업 혁신정책의 작동 원리 30
3. 신산업 혁신정책의 범위 및 분류 32
제3절 국내 신산업 혁신정책 심층 진단 및 평가 41
1. 국내 주요 신산업 혁신정책 현황 41
2. 국내 신산업 혁신정책 심층 진단 43
3. 국내 신산업 혁신정책 평가 및 개선방향 도출 96
제4절 소결 및 시사점 102

제3장 첨단바이오 분야의 신산업 혁신 전략 106
제1절 첨단바이오 신산업 혁신 전략의 필요성 106
제2절 첨단바이오 관련 주요 정책 및 산업 동향 108
1. 첨단바이오의 정의와 범위 108
2. 글로벌 동향 115
3. 국내 동향 143
제3절 첨단바이오 기술 및 산업경쟁력 분석 156
1. 첨단바이오 연구역량 진단: 합성생물학 연구 중심 156
2. 첨단바이오 기술역량 분석 166
3. 바이오파운드리 인프라 현황 및 역량 진단 192
제4절 첨단바이오 분야 신산업 혁신 전략 202
1. 바이오파운드리 구축 및 운영을 위한 모듈형 생태계 구축 202
2. 첨단바이오 규제 통합 플랫폼 구축 및 운영 고도화 204
3. K-바이오 특허의 질적 전환 및 국제표준 선점 204
4. 전략적 국제협력을 통한 첨단바이오 플랫폼 연합 구축 205

제4장 기후기술 분야의 신산업 혁신 전략 206
제1절 기후기술 신산업 혁신 전략의 필요성 206
제2절 기후기술 관련 주요 정책 및 산업 동향 212
1. 기후기술의 정의와 범위 212
2. 글로벌 동향 217
3. 국내 동향 254
제3절 기후기술 기술경쟁력 분석 276
1. 분석 개요 276
2. 주요 기후기술 특허 동향 280
3. 특허경쟁력 분석 288
4. 소결 295
제4절 기후기술 기반 산업혁신 분석 297
1. 분석 개요 297
2. 기후기술 활용 특허 현황 분석 303
3. 소결 310
제5절 기후기술 기반 신산업 혁신 사례 분석 312
제6절 기후기술 기반 신산업 혁신 전략 321
1. 기후기술의 산업화를 위한 거버넌스 체계 구축 321
2. 제조업 연계를 고려한 기후기술 활용 촉진 322
3. 기후기술 신산업화를 위한 정책조합 활용 323

제5장 결론 324
제1절 주요 연구내용 요약 324
제2절 미래 선도국가 도약을 위한 전략적 제언 330

참고문헌 333

부 록 351

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미래 선도형 국가로의 도약을 위한 신산업 혁신 전략 연구 - 첨단바이오와 기후기술 분야를 중심으로 -

A Study on New Industry Innovation Strategies for Leaping Forward as a Future-Leading Nation : Focusing on the Advanced Biotechnology and Climate Technology Sectors

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