과학관 설립 및 운영의 사회경제적 효과 추정 연구

ZTaDLvlMwQuKoz/F2u/L7w==

연구성과

연구보고서

과학관 설립 및 운영의 사회경제적 효과 추정 연구 Estimating the Socio-Economic Impacts of Science Museum Establishment and Operation

과학관 설립 및 운영의 사회경제적 효과 추정 연구원문 다운로드 과학관 설립 및 운영의 사회경제적 효과 추정 연구원문보기

보고서명
과학관 설립 및 운영의 사회경제적 효과 추정 연구
보고서명(영문)
Estimating the Socio-Economic Impacts of Science Museum Establishment and Operation

책임자 현보훈
소속기관과학기술정책연구원
내부연구참여자안형준,김학효,신승용,김도윤,이민정,강성범,배현근,조용희,권정인,한종현,이성범
외부연구참여자박상곤
발행기관 과학기술정책연구원
ISBN979-11-24145-08-1
출판년도2025
페이지54
보고서유형 수시연구보고서
연구유형 정책
표준분류 과학기술 > 과학기술일반
자료유형연구보고서
공공누리유형 4유형 (출처표시+상업적이용금지+변경금지)
주제어과학관,과학문화,과학이해도,지역경제,이중차분법

조회수

조회수 반영까지 최대 10분 정도 소요될 수 있습니다.

25
다운로드

다운로드 수 반영까지 최대 10분 정도 소요될 수 있습니다.

1

■연구 목적
○ 과학관 설립과 운영이 지역에 미치는 사회경제적 효과를 분석하고, 이를 토대로 향후 과학관 육성 정책 수립에 필요한 실증적 시사점을 제공하는 것을 목적으로 함

■주요 내용
○ (과학 이해도) 과학관은 수학 성취도 분포 구조 측면에서 기초학력 미달 비율은 변하지 않고중간층과 상위층 비율이 상승해(상위층 성취 강화) 질적 향상을 유도했음
○ (과학 이해도-행동적 참여) 과학 활동 참여 분석에서는 과학관 수가 많을수록 방문, 전시·축전 참여, 강연 참여 등 행동적 참여가 전반적으로 증가하여 과학관 접근성이 참여 확대에 긍정적으로 작용함을 보였으며, 다만 조사 시점과 표본 규모의 한계로 통계적 유의성은 낮게 나타남
○ (지역경제 효과) GRDP, 야간조도, 전력판매량 등 소득 관련 지표는 전반적으로 증가 방향을 보였으나 유의하지는 않았으며, 반면 고용 효과는 도매·소매업 중심으로 명확하게 확인되며 총 종사자 수가 약 3% 증가하는 결과를 보임
○ 종합적으로 과학관은 과학이해도 관점에서 수학의 성취 상단을 강화하는 질적 개선 효과를 보이고, 접근성 개선을 통해 과학 활동 참여를 확대시키며, 지역의 경제지표 관점에서는 고용 증가를 중심으로 지역경제 활성화에 기여하는 것으로 나타남

■정책 대안
○ 본 연구는 과학관이 지역 과학 문해력을 향상시키고, 과학에 대한 적극적인 참여를 촉진하며, 지역 고용을 촉진한다는 실증적 증거를 제공함
○ 과학관의 지역적 사회경제 효과가 나타난 만큼, 향후 육성정책은 시설 공급을 넘어 효과의 전달 경로를 강화하는 방향으로 전환할 필요가 있음
- 과학관 접근성 강화, 탐구형 프로그램과 고급 콘텐츠 확대, 지역 경제와 연계한 활성화 전략 병행 설계 검토
- 경영 효율화를 위한 ‘과학관 경영 방식 추적조사(S-MOPS)’ 도입 및 성과관리체계 고도화 검토

Estimating the Socio-Economic Impacts of Science Museum Establishment and Operation

ㆍProject Leader: Bohun Hyun
ㆍParticipants: Hyoungjoon An · Hakhyo Kim · Seungyong Shin · Doyun Kim · Minjung Lee · Sungbeom Kang · Hyunkeun Bae · Yonghee Cho · Jeongin Kwon · Jonghyun Han · Sungbeom Lee · Sanggon Park

1. Introduction
Investments in and increasing numbers of visitors to science museums in recent years have highlighted the critical role of these institutions as hubs for regional science and culture engagement. Despite this growing importance, research on science museums has largely concentrated on cost-benefit or input-output analyses conducted prior to their establishment. Post-opening studies have primarily focused on correlational analyses, limiting the capacity to evaluate the socio-economic impact of these facilities. Specifically, their effects on human capital accumulation, regional economic spillovers, and broader societal benefits have not been empirically validated, hampering the development of evidence-based policies.
The present study addresses this gap by analyzing the socio-economic effects of establishing and operating science museums in local communities. It seeks to provide policymakers with robust and empirically grounded insights to guide future strategies for developing and managing science museums by focusing on educational outcomes and regional economic effects.

2. Science Museum Operations and Visitor Trends
Since 2004, the government has implemented a series of five-year plans for the promotion and management of science museums, with the dual aim of expanding their establishment and supporting operational sustainability. These initiatives achieved quantitative growth, resulting in a substantial increase in the number of science museums across Korea. However, qualitative aspects, such as content diversity, program innovation, and collaborative partnerships, remain limited. Future policy directions need to focus on demand-driven allocation, balanced development between public and private institutions, and the reduction of regional disparities to foster a resilient and inclusive science culture ecosystem.
Based on surveys, this study found that 138 science museums are in operation nationwide as of 2023. Visitor numbers increased steadily between 2017 and 2019, experienced a sharp decline during the COVID-19 pandemic, and recovered to over 80% of pre-pandemic levels by 2023. Recovery patterns varied according to management type and museum focus. Private institutions, while having fewer visitors overall than national museums, demonstrated relative strength in attracting paid visitors. Moreover, visitor recovery was particularly strong in natural history and children-focused museums. These patterns suggest that policy interventions should consider the operational type, target audience, and thematic focus of science museums to optimize engagement and program effectiveness.

3. Data and Analytical Approach
A multilayered dataset was constructed to evaluate the effects of science museums on educational outcomes, science engagement, and regional economic development. Scientific literacy was assessed using two complementary methods. First, national mathematics achievement scores were employed as proxies for cognitive and quantitative capabilities, aggregated at the district-year level, and combined with achievement distribution information to produce a comprehensive performance index. Second, the Science and Technology Awareness Survey, conducted at the provincial level, captured affective and social aspects including attitudes toward science, interest levels, and participation intentions. To address the mismatch between district- and provincial-level survey data, the proportion of districts within a province with museums was used as a treatment intensity measure, capturing the key pathway of behavioral engagement through visits and participation.
Regional economic indicators were constructed at the district-year level. The Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) was used as the primary measure of income, supplemented with nighttime light intensity from satellite imagery and electricity sales, to address missing data and capture economic activity more comprehensively. Employment was measured both in total and by key sectors, including wholesale and retail; accommodation and food services; and professional, scientific, and technical services. This enabled the identification of both direct and indirect economic effects of science museum operations.
Causal effects were estimated using a two-way fixed-effects (TWFE) model, controlling for district- and year-fixed effects. This model allowed the estimation of the average treatment effect (ATE) of museum openings while accounting for unobserved heterogeneity. The analysis was conducted in three stages. First, the TWFE model estimated the average effects. Second, an event-study approach tracked the dynamic effects before and after museum openings and tested the parallel trend assumption. Third, when pre-trends violated the parallel trends assumption, event-time trend adjustment methods were applied to remove potential bias, yielding more reliable estimates of the causal impacts of museum establishment. This stepwise approach ensures robust and reliable identification of policy effects on educational and economic outcomes.

4. Key Findings
4.1. Educational Outcomes
This study found that science museums significantly improved the quality of mathematics achievement distribution without negatively affecting lower-performing students. Specifically, the proportion of students in the middle- and upper-achievement tiers increased, whereas that in the low-achievement group remained stable, indicating an overall enhancement in learning quality. This suggests that museums can function as effective venues to promote higher-order learning and support students with existing competencies by acting as hubs for advanced inquiry-based education.

4.2. Behavioral Engagement
Behavioral engagement in science activities, measured through visits to and participation in exhibitions, festivals, and lectures, rose along with the number of museums in a region. This finding highlights the importance of accessibility in promoting science participation. Regions with greater museum density had higher engagement rates, underscoring the positive role of science museums in fostering active learning and public engagement. However, owing to the survey design limitations, including sample size and timing, statistical significance was modest.

4.3. Regional Economic Effects
Analysis of income indicators, including GRDP, nighttime light intensity, and electricity sales, showed general upward trends, but did not reach statistical significance. In contrast, the employment effect was statistically significant, with total employment increasing by approximately 3 percent following the establishment of science museums.

5. Policy Implications
Given the observed socio-economic effects of science museums, future policies should move beyond facility expansion and focus on strengthening pathways through which museums generate impacts.

Educational Impact: Programs targeting middle- and high-achieving students, including inquiry-based and advanced content, should be expanded, reflecting the observed effectiveness in raising upper-tier performance.
Accessibility: To address regional disparities, small, modular, or mobile science museums should be introduced in underserved areas, while large museums can be developed into national platforms for science culture, hosting major exhibitions and international programs.
Economic Linkages: Museums should be integrated with local commerce and tourism strategies, including science-cultural streets, festivals, and programs that extend visitor duration, to maximize employment and economic spillover effects.
Operational Strategy: Initial investments should focus on high-quality content, while mid-term stability and sustainability can be ensured through partnerships with universities, research institutes, and private enterprises to develop long-term programs.
Upgrading the Performance Management System: S-MOPS should be introduced to enhance managerial efficiency. In addition, performance metrics need to be expanded beyond visitor numbers to include multidimensional indicators such as learning outcomes, participation levels, and local employment.

6. Conclusion
This study provides empirical evidence, particularly with respect to educational and employment outcomes, that science museums enhance regional scientific literacy, promote active participation in science, and stimulate local employment. By adopting a comprehensive policy approach that integrates education, accessibility, and economic linkage, science museums can be strategically positioned as multifunctional social infrastructure, contributing to both human capital accumulation and the overall vibrancy of regional economies. The findings support a shift toward evidence-based policy design, ensuring that future investments in science museums maximize their educational, cultural, and economic impacts.

콘텐츠 큐레이션 : 동일주제 가장 많이 이용된 자료 추천

현재 페이지에서 제공되는 연구보고서에 대하여 평가해 주세요

별점5점만점에 5점 별점5점만점에 4점 별점5점만점에 3점 별점5점만점에 2점 별점5점만점에 1점

의견(0)

연구성과에 따른 의견과 무관한 글, 선정적인 글 및 비방글 등의 게시물은 관리자에 의해 언제든 삭제 조치 될 수 있으며, 주민등록번호 형식 및 연속된 숫자 13자리는 입력할 수 없습니다.

입력 가능 Byte : 4000 Byte 현재 입력 Byte : 0 Byte

자동등록방지 숫자를 순서대로 입력하세요.

NKIS 국가정책연구포털

연구성과

국책연구동향

NKIS 통계

게시판

NKIS소개

연구성과

국책연구동향

NKIS 통계

게시판

NKIS소개

연구성과

연구보고서

과학관 설립 및 운영의 사회경제적 효과 추정 연구

Estimating the Socio-Economic Impacts of Science Museum Establishment and Operation

국문초록

영문초록

목차

콘텐츠 큐레이션 : 동일주제 가장 많이 이용된 자료 추천

연구보고서

정책연구자료

세미나

현재 페이지에서 제공되는 연구보고서에 대하여 평가해 주세요

의견(0)