첨단전략기술의 경제-안보-혁신 전략 연구 - 국가 반도체-AI Action Plan 수립에 관한 제언을 중심으로 -

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첨단전략기술의 경제-안보-혁신 전략 연구 - 국가 반도체-AI Action Plan 수립에 관한 제언을 중심으로 - Research on Economic-Security-Innovation Strategies for Advanced Strategic Technologies : Focusing on Proposals for Establishing a National Semiconductor-AI Action Plan

첨단전략기술의 경제-안보-혁신 전략 연구 - 국가 반도체-AI Action Plan 수립에 관한 제언을 중심으로 -원문 다운로드 첨단전략기술의 경제-안보-혁신 전략 연구 - 국가 반도체-AI Action Plan 수립에 관한 제언을 중심으로 -원문보기

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첨단전략기술의 경제-안보-혁신 전략 연구 - 국가 반도체-AI Action Plan 수립에 관한 제언을 중심으로 -
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Research on Economic-Security-Innovation Strategies for Advanced Strategic Technologies : Focusing on Proposals for Establishing a National Semiconductor-AI Action Plan

책임자 이현익
소속기관과학기술정책연구원
내부연구참여자진승화,김선우
외부연구참여자
발행기관 과학기술정책연구원
ISBN979-11-24145-18-0
출판년도2025
페이지77
보고서유형 수시연구보고서
연구유형 정책
표준분류 과학기술 > 과학기술일반
자료유형연구보고서
공공누리유형 4유형 (출처표시+상업적이용금지+변경금지)
주제어국가안보,국가경영전략,경제안보혁신전략,인공지능,반도체

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■연구 목적
□ 종합적 경제-안보-혁신 국가전략 수립 당위성 확보
□ 전략 기술 분야별 민간(기업) 동향 정보 수집 및 국가 대응 전략 수립
□ 국가 경제-안보-혁신 전략 관점의 과학기술혁신 정책 대안 제시

■주요 내용
○ 국가안전보장 종합 전략 수립의 당위성 확보
- (AI-반도체) 수출통제, 기업 및 국가 간 기술협력, 공급망 이슈에 관한 정책 대응 등 국가안전보장에 영향을 미치는 AI-반도체-양자 분야의 현안에 관한 전반적인 정책 자문 대응 및 중장기적 대응 전략 수립 방향성 제시
○ 한국의 대외기술전략에 관한 제언
- 트럼프 행정부 2기를 맞아 규칙 기반의 세계 질서 유지를 기대하기 어려워진 시점에서 미-중 전략경쟁의 양상을 모니터링하고 이에 따른 한국의 대외기술전략에 관한 제언

■정책 대안
□ 글로벌 수출 통제에 대응하는 국가 AI 공급망 탄력성 전략 수립
○ 미국의 AI Action Plan은 對中 견제를 명시적으로 규정하고 있는 만큼, 가변적 상황에 전략적으로 대응하는 국가 AI 공급망 안정화 조치가 요구됨
□ AI 3대 강국 도약을 위한 제언
○ 첨단 반도체 제조 생태계 강화
○ 이공계 인재 유치
○ 국가 데이터 인프라 구축
① 국가 AI 데이터 저장소 설립, ② AI 데이터 연료 인프라 구축, ③ AI 데이터 저장・ 변환・ 합성을 위한 대규모 투자 강화 및 지속

Research on Economic-Security-Innovation Strategies for Advanced Strategic Technologies: Focusing on Proposals for Establishing a National Semiconductor-AI Action Plan

ㆍProject Leader: Hyonik Lee
ㆍParticipants: Seunghwa Jin · Sunwoo Kim

1. Research Necessity and Purpose
□ Major nations treat scientific and technological innovation as a critical national agenda item alongside military, diplomatic, and economic affairs from a statecraft perspective. Beyond R&D investment as a means for economic growth, it is established as a key benchmark for measuring a nation’s comprehensive capabilities.
○ The ripple effects of advanced strategic technologies profoundly impact multiple policy domains centered on military and economic industries, prompting major nations to accelerate their responses.

□ Key Research Content
○ Securing the rationale for establishing a comprehensive national security strategy
- Presenting the direction for establishing an integrated mid-to-long-term roadmap for strengthening advanced strategic technology capabilities from the perspective of a global technology-security-innovation balance strategy
- Specifying a system for collecting, integrating, and coordinating policy information to establish an evidence-based strategic framework
- Securing the rationale for identifying choke point technologies and concentrating strategic investment in response to intensifying global technology competition
○ Policy Advisory Services on Key Science and Technology Innovation Issues by Core Strategic Technology in Response to External Environmental Changes (e.g., Trump’s Second Term Inauguration and International Situation Fluctuations)
- (AI-Semiconductor) Provide comprehensive policy advisory responses and propose mid-to-long-term strategic directions for issues affecting national security in AI-semiconductor-quantum fields, including export controls, inter-corporate and inter-state technology cooperation, and supply chain issues
○ Recommendations for Korea’s External Technology Strategy
- The economy (supply chain stabilization)-security (technology and export controls)-innovation (technology development) strategy inherently involves a fundamental trilemma and requires attention from a global technology competition perspective
- With the Trump administration’s second term making it difficult to expect the maintenance of a rules-based world order, monitor the dynamics of U.S.-China strategic competition and propose Korea’s foreign technology strategy accordingly

2. Changing External Environment and the Economy-Security-Innovation Strategy
□ The Second Trump Administration’s Policy and Changes in the External Environment
○ Aiming to revive U.S. manufacturing, the administration is building protectionist trade barriers through high tariffs
- However, the effectiveness is unclear, and it is difficult to gauge the potential impact on the global economy
- The U.S. cannot escape adverse effects on itself, and the ripple effects on the global economy are highly likely to result in recession
- Companies from many nations operating in regions targeted by tariff measures announced by the second Trump administration are also expected to face significant impacts on their business operations
- Countries with manufacturing-centric industrial structures are projected to suffer greater damage

□ The Meaning of Economic Security
○ Actions taken by a state to prevent acts that threaten the safety of the nation and its citizens in relation to economic activities

□ The Meaning of National Security Assurance
○ Securing national interests such as Korea’s peace, safety, and economic prosperity through economic measures

□ Background of Focus on Economic Security Assurance and the Meaning of the Economy-Security-Innovation Strategy
○ Today, the concept of security assurance is expanding beyond traditional domains like defense and diplomacy into economic and technological fields
○ In this sense, the meaning of the Economic-Security-Innovation Strategy is to secure national interests such as Korea’s peace, safety, and economic prosperity by devising measures in national economic management, defense, and technological innovation.
- Specifically, it involves developing a national management strategy that comprehensively recognizes security, the economy, and technological innovation, thereby securing the safety of the state and its citizens from an economic and technological innovation perspective and safeguarding national interests.

□ Tariffs and Advanced Science and Technology
○ The evolving landscape of protectionist trade measures, including tariffs and export controls
- (Cold War Era) As the world divided into blocs centered on the US and the Soviet Union and confrontation intensified, export controls were implemented, primarily through the ‘Committee on Export Controls to Communist Countries,’ aiming to maintain and widen the technological gap in military technology
- (Post-Cold War) The Wassenaar Arrangement, including Russia, was launched, focusing on non-proliferation export controls targeting strategic goods and technologies with potential military applications.
- (US-China Strategic Competition) Centered on the US and China, export controls and protectionist trade patterns are evolving among like-minded nations to maintain and widen technological gaps in advanced and emerging technologies.
○ Semiconductor-AI War
- The core of export controls and protectionist trade policies, spanning from the Cold War to today’s U.S.-China strategic competition, centers on advanced science and technology, particularly semiconductors and AI, identified as strategic cornerstones

3. Conclusion and Policy Implications
□ Establish national AI supply chain resilience strategies to counter global export controls
○ Given that the U.S. AI Action Plan explicitly targets China, strategic measures are required to stabilize national AI supply chains in response to evolving circumstances

□ Proposals for Leaping into the Top Three AI Powers
○ Strengthening the Advanced Semiconductor Manufacturing Ecosystem
- GPUs are ultimately predicted to become commoditized
- If the chip manufacturing ecosystem supports this, Korea could hold a technological chokepoint in the AI and Next AI eras, gaining leverage to negotiate with global Big Tech companies
○ Attracting STEM Talent
- AI is not a single academic field but a convergence of diverse experts enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of “information technology”
- Therefore, actively attracting STEM talent is the foundation for technology-intensive development, including AI. It is advisable to allocate a significant portion of national resources to compensating STEM personnel
○ Building National Data Infrastructure
- The advancement of AI depends on three core elements: ① data, ② computing, and ③ algorithms. While most corporate and national attention today is focused on ‘hardware (computing)’ and ‘software (algorithms)’, the core of this technology is ‘data’.
- With the reality of the ‘data wall’ now imminent, overcoming this barrier represents a critical challenge and task for future AI technological advancement.
- As numerous constraints on data collection itself arise due to reasons like service quality degradation and copyright issues, establishing a state-led breakthrough to overcome the ‘data wall’ is urgently needed.
① Establishment of a National AI Data Repository
- Serves as a central hub for the government’s national AI strategy, storing relevant government data and facilitating seamless inter-agency sharing to promote widespread AI adoption
② Build AI data fuel infrastructure
- Convert all available government data into AI-usable formats, building large-scale AI fuel infrastructure
- Enhance data quality and accumulate scientific data
③ Strengthen and sustain large-scale investment for AI data storage, conversion, and synthesis
- Prioritize data superiority as the top national investment priority
- Explore complementary utilization in synthetic data domains

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첨단전략기술의 경제-안보-혁신 전략 연구 - 국가 반도체-AI Action Plan 수립에 관한 제언을 중심으로 -

Research on Economic-Security-Innovation Strategies for Advanced Strategic Technologies : Focusing on Proposals for Establishing a National Semiconductor-AI Action Plan

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