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연구보고서

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보고서명건강·문화·생태회랑 구축전략 연구 보고서명(영문)Strategy of Multi-purpose Corridors for Human Health, Culture and Ecology(CHCEs)

책임자 김명수
소속기관국토연구원
내부연구참여자박정은,최영국,정소양
외부연구참여자
발행기관 국토연구원
ISBN978-89-8182-589-8
출판년도2008
페이지185
보고서유형 기본연구보고서
연구유형 정책
표준분류 국토개발 > 도시·지역계획
자료유형연구보고서
공공누리유형
주제어국토 녹색길

우리나라는 빠른 경제성장과 도시화를 겪었다. 고도성장을 통해 기본수요를 충족시킬 수 있는 국토의 정주기반은 확보하였다. 그러나 소득수준 증대, 주5일 근무제의 영향으로 건강과 문화에 대해 높아진 관심이 걷기, 자전거타기, 문화유산답사 등으로 이어지고 있지만, 이러한 요구를 충족시켜줄 공간적 기반 마련은 미흡한 실정이다.

본 연구의 목적은 국토 녹색길로서 건강·문화·생태회랑의 개념을 정리하고 구축방안을 제시하는 것이다. 건강·문화·생태회랑은 다양한 공간적 위계에서 조성이 가능하므로 국토 - 광역 - 지역 - 도시의 공간적 스케일에 따라 건강·문화·생태회랑으로 활용가능한 자원을 단계적으로 분석하고 구축방안을 제시하고자 하였다.

연구방법으로 현장답사, 해외사례 조사, 사례지역 적용 등을 사용하였다. 현장답사를 통해 유사사례의 문제점 및 한계를 파악하여 유형별 조성방안에서 극복방안을 중심으로 구축전략을 제시하였다. 해외사례 조사는 개념, 유형분류, 노선 선정기준에 초점을 맞추어 조사하여, GIS를 활용한 사례지역 노선선정에 활용하였다. 전문가 자문회의, 현장 실무담당자와의 연구협의회에서는 현장의 문제점과 제도적 미비점을 찾아서 구축전략에 반영하였다. 전문가 인터뷰는 실제 회랑 조성에 참여한 전문가의 경험을 토대로 노선선정, 유형별 구축방안에 대한 의견을 들어서 사례지역 적용시 활용하였다.

영국, 미국, 프랑스, 일본, 스페인 등은 국토 차원의 건강·문화·생태회랑을 가지고 있고, 지역별로 특화된 회랑도 갖추고 있다. 해외사례를 통해 전 국토 단위의 연결된 건강·문화·생태회랑을 구축하고 있다는 점, 공간적 위계와 이용 소요시간을 고려하여 유형을 구분하고, 노선을 계획한다는 점, 중앙정부와 지방정부의 역할분담 및 NGO의 적극적인 참여가 보장된다는 점을 배울 수 있었다.

본 연구에서는 건강·문화·생태회랑을 “생태적 건강성을 유지하고 (인간의) 체육, 문화, 여가활동이 가능하도록 (선적으로) 연결된 공간”으로 정의하였다. 건강·문화·생태회랑은 회랑이 입지하는 지역, 활용하는 자원의 형태, 회랑의 조성 목적 등에 따라 기능을 생태형 회랑, 건강형 회랑, 역사·문화형 회랑, 여가형 회랑으로 구분하였다. 또한 규모(국토, 광역, 도시주변, 도시)와 목적(보전 또는 활용)에 따라 다양한 유형의 건강·문화·생태회랑이 가능하며, 각 유형별로 특성에 맞는 다양한 기능설정이 가능하다.

본 연구는 건강·문화·생태회랑의 개념을 정립하고 공간위계별로 구축방안을 제시하였다는 것에서 의의를 찾을 수 있다. 또한 정책적으로는 녹색성장에 기여할 수 있다는 점이다. 건강·문화·생태회랑은 조성과정에서 많은 녹색 일자리를 제공할 수 있고, 국민의 삶의 질 개선에 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

국민의 관광·휴양·여가 패턴의 변화에 대응하고 정부의 녹색성장 비전에 부응하기 위해 건강·문화·생태회랑 활성화를 국민운동 차원에서 추진할 필요가 있다. 걷기와 자전거 타기 문화를 활성하고, 이를 지원하는 인프라로서 건강·문화·생태회랑을 국가적 차원에서 조성하고, 시민사회를 이를 운영하고 활용하는 역할분담이 필요한 시점이다.

Chapter 1. Introduction

Over the past few decades, Korea has experienced rapid economic growth and urbanization. This has made it possible to meet people’s basic needs, in particular, for residential housing. Accordingly, a majority of the Korean people have become interested in enhancing their health and enjoying cultural life. This has led to a number of leisure activities becoming popular, such as trekking, cycling and exploring the Korean cultural heritage, which has been caused by the increase in income level and the coming of a five working day week.

Thus, there have been increasing demands on spaces for health, cultu re, sports and leisure activities using existing forests, rivers, beaches and parks. In this context, the idea of corridors for human health, culture and ecology (CHCEs) has emerged as a new concept to meet demands on various culture and leisure activities as well as to preserve ecosystems and green spaces. Thus, there is a need to set up comprehensive supporti ng systems and strategies for facilitating CHCEs. The purposes of this study are to conceptualize CHCEs and to consider a way of addressing relevant strategies. More specifically, it aims (1) to suggest concepts of multi-purpose corridors for human health, culture and ecology in order to provide facilities for sports, culture and leisure activities, (2) to suggest a method for the setting up of corridors for huma n health, culture and ecology by conducting a case study, and (3) to present solutions and strategies relating to planning, institutional and political issues for the facilitating of these corridors.

This study analyses the available resources, which can be used as corridors, in a systematic way at national, regional and municipal levels. In terms of methodology, this study carries out field trips, reviews overseas case studies and applies them to the present study areas. By carrying out fieldwork, it presents systematic strategies for facilitating different types of corridors. The focus of case studies in other countries is on describing the concepts and the types of corridors, as well as explain ing a method for adopting a suitable option in selecting adequate corridor s. Geographical information systems are used for this purpose in the case studies. This study also reflects the institutional and practical limitati ons identified in interviews with expert groups and administrative staff.I n particular, the opinions of experts, which are derived from their experie nces, are used to determine the routes and types of CHCEs.

Chapter 2. The need for CHCEs and reviews of similar concepts

According to Maslow (1970), human motivation is related to happiness, harmony, self-achievement, self-esteem, respect of others and well-being. In Korea, this motivation was not a major issue during the periods of rapid economic development and urbanization. Recently, trekking and cycling have become popular with an increase both of income levels and of interest in a healthy life. This reflects a changing society in terms of the leisure cultures in Korea. Furthermore, this societal change has led to demands for leisure spac es in which the natural environment is preserved and the people have opportunities to gain access to leisure and cultural spaces during their free time. We refer to these spaces as ‘corridors of human health, culture and ecology (CHCEs).’ Various spatial resources can be used as such corridors, such as old paths, riverside roads, disused railroad tracks, coast line roads and narrow village roads.

The constructing of CHCEs creates new greenjobs as well as beautifying national lands. In other words, CHCEs can both lead to green activity for elderly and young people and provide new leisure spaces, resulting in the enhancing of human health. Additionally, the present study reviews similar concepts to CHCEs, such as green poles, green ways, ecological networks, green networks, exploring routes and green infrastructures. By and large, the main purpos e of these is to preserve ecology and to provide leisure activities such as walking, exploring historical heritage, trekking and cycling. Thus, it is necessary to investigate how to use these routes and, in particular, how to reflect these concepts in setting out a framework of spatial planning.

This study reviews overseas casesof the UK, the USA, France, Japan and Spain. The implications for Korea are found in the fact that all these countries have constructed CHCEs, which are connected with each other in a nationwide grid. In addition, as CHCEs are implemented in a system atic way, they can be divided up on the basis of spatial scale and travel time. From the viewpoint of management, central and local governments play different roles, and NGOs dynamically participate in the implementing of CHCEs.

After reviewing overseas case studies, we define CHCEs as ‘linearly connected spaces aiming to preserve the natural environment and provide opportunities to the activities of sports, culture and leisure.’ Thus, they can be considered as creating a multi-purpose space which helps us to enjoy a number of leisure activities while preserving ecosystems.

Chapter 3. Limitations of the previous case studies of Korea

This study will analyse old paths, disused roads and railways, village roads and riverside roads. The results show that because of the strict nature of the relevant institutions, it is difficult to connect old built-up roads with neighborhood cultural heritages and sports facilities nearby, aiming to preserve ecological resources and stimulate cultural activities. In particular, rivers are often considered as a subject for flood control rather than for the use of leisure activities.

As roads often pass through public and private properties, a need for the protection of private property seems to be a major limitation in connecting the existing roads with one another. Although the best solution is to purchase all the private property, this is not always feasible. Thus, it requires making creative solutions of private property use. For instance, in the case of agricultural lands, it may be necessary to compensate for a loss of farm products. Most of the previous case studies of Korea have dealt with methods of re-connecting disused roads and disappeared roads with each other. Frequently, the purposes of creating CHCEs and the principles used for selecting appropriate routes are set out; however, there is a lack of specific standards. Examples include that frequently communities or neighborhoods become disconnected when roads pass through cities. Another typical example is found in Hang-river Citizens Park, Yoido Park and Seagang

Park. As all of these are located in Yoido, it would be desirable if they were systematically connected with each other. However, at present, they are all disconnected. From the beginning of the process of construction, these places are

designed to be accessible by car. Walking and cycling require the creation of a pedestrian crossing. It is, thus, not the most appropriate design from the viewpoint of the convenience and safety of pedestrians.

It is well known that a significant role of roads is to provide connectivity. However, the case studies show that, ironically, manyneighborhoods in Korea are disconnected by the roads. In addition, there is a need to create a network with the available spatial resources and to give more thematic meaning and attractive features to parks. Since a basic plan has not been implemented for the construction of roads, it is difficult for a developer to undertake systematic procedures in constructing roads. Also, the road planning systems are not well suited to the other institutional frameworks.

The problems in relation to management and administration include a lack of available financial resources, a lack of experts and inefficient management systems. In addition, it is difficult for local people to participate in economic activities in those recreational areas.

Chapter 4. Roles and types of CHCEs

Literature reviews show that CHCEs can be divided by their characteristics (ecology, human health, historical and cultural heritage and leisure) as well as their locations and the types of resources used. In addition, it is also possible to categorize CHCEs based on their scales (i.e., national, regional, metropolitan and municipal levels) and their purposes (i.e., preservation and practical use).

By considering spatial hierarchy and the values of preservation, various types of CHCEs have been suggested in this study. Their single and multiple roles are also taken into account in the process of categorizing CHCEs. Next, the possible resources which can be used for the creation of CHCEs will be recognized, including old paths, village roads, disused roads and railway tracks, paths to mountains, roads for walking, coastline roads, riverside roads and green belt zones. By taking into account the levels of their practical use, this study reviews their appropriate sizes at national, regional, metropolitan and municipal levels (refer to Figure 9). The eight types of CHCEs are suggested by considering their scales and the characteristics of the resource conditions.

Chapter 5. Addressing CHCEs through case studies

CHCEs can be set up at four spatial levels: (1) the nation, (2) the metropolitan zone, (3) the region and (4) the inner urban area. For the capital zone, this study suggests the processes that can be used to select CHCEs for each level. First, it identifies preserved zones, while focusing on protecting ecological corridors with the help of geographical information systems. Next, the available resources are detected from the statistical data. Third, the study addresses the scenarios and ways of creating CHCEs by considering demands on their use. Next, the different concepts of CHCEs are defined for each type and subsequently the final routes are mapped. CHCEs are designed at the national level based on the study of a new mountain range map, core ecological corridorsand regional ecological corridors. In addition, taking into consideration the existing literature on old roads, CHCEs are suggested at the national level. The four major rivers in Korea have been selected since they can be used for riverside CHCEs.

CHCEs at the municipal level are selected by reviewing the existing literature and interviews. Absolute criteria are employed to embrace protected areas in CHCEs, while relative criteria are used for the reflection of local conditions. At the regional and municipal levels, the decision of what kinds of CHCEs to create is made by means of criteria in which not only the natural environments are conserved, but also their multiple roles are acknowledged. Accordingly, the final CHCE is selected by considering the convenience of CHCE users, the cultural importance of the surrounding environments and the demands on use. The top 10 per cent of areas derived from the assessment criteria are selected as hubs of regional and municipal CHCEs. Finally, the hubs and links of the CHCEs are designed in a planned and systematic way. Eight types of CHCE are proposed by dividing them into three sections: design concepts, methods of construction and practical use. The limitations of selecting the CHCEs route are as follows: (1) barriers impeding pathsin urban areas, (2) difficulties in joining existing urban facilities, such as existing parks, cultural heritage sites, rivers and open spaces or squares and (3) a way of connecting corridors between different administrative boundaries. Chapter 6. Strategies for implementing CHCEs

Chapter 6 proposes strategies to implement CHCEs in a planned and systematic way. This strategyis designed to incorporate CHCEs with other plans such as basic plans, national land comprehensive plans, municipal plans and basic urban plans. It is also needed to integrate them with other similar plans and projects managed by the Ministry of the Environment, the Office of Forestry and the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism. On the basis of the type of work, it is recommended that those projects are administrated by each individual ministry or office would be rearranged and assigned to the appropriate authorities in order to enhance their efficiency in implementation. This study also proposes guidelines on how to secure funding and promote CHCE projects using institutional strategies. CHCEs can be considered as a principal infrastructure that is facilitated by the government. Accordingly, it is desirable that national financing from the central government and from local authorities should be distributed to secure lands for the construction of CHCEs. Private capital includes donations from firms and individuals, financial support from civic groups, companies and from experts. This private capital should be employed towards the implementing of CHCE programs. Central government needs to promote pilotCHCE projects for each region by selecting suitable policies and concentrating on distributing the funding for them. Also, it needs to help local governments to implement CHCEs in a comprehensive way; however, either penalties or incentives should be given to local authorities when assessing their progress on the projects.

In general, CHCE projects are associated with green growth, which can create a large number of new jobs. They also make a contribution towards improving the quality of life and pursuing sound green infrastructures. Thus, in order to identify the impact or effectiveness of CHCEs on green growth and on employment, it is necessary to undertake a pilot project in the near future.

Furthermore, it is necessary to improve the institutional systems for implementing CHCEs. In this context, the present study proposes (1) partly releasing constraints in relation to regional development for deprived areas, (2) addressing compensation schemes for private properties and (3) inducing the active participation of citizens. In order to secure the practicalities in relation to CHCEs, it is necessary to introduce the process of giving certification. Central government would distribute funding to a local authority based on this certification. In addition, central government funding should be distributed in an indirect way after monitoring and assessing the progress and results of the projects.

Chapter 7. Conclusion

This study defines CHCEs and proposes an institutional framework for constructing them at different geographical levels. As CHCEs are likely to create green jobs and make a contribution towards improving the quality of life, the implementing of CHCEs is central to the pursuit of green growth.

Due to data and time constraints, this study is somewhat limited in determining the detailed paths of corridors. It proposes a pilot project, which would integrate a number of projects that would be administered by different authorities. It is also worth noting that the study defines the concept of CHCEs and suggests a method of implementing them on different geographical scales.

In summary, the purposes of the study are to propose the concept of CHCEs and methods and strategies for facilitating them. Chapter 4 deals with the concepts, roles and types of CHCE. On the basis of these concepts, Chapter 5 explains the methodology and the ways of applying it to the case study areas. Finally, Chapter 6 proposes a suitable action plan for facilitating CHCEs.

발 간 사 i
서 문 iii
요 약 v

제1장 서 론 1

1. 연구배경 1
2. 연구목적 6
3. 연구범위 및 방법 7
1) 연구범위 7
2) 연구방법 9
4. 연구과정 12

제2장 건강·문화·생태회랑의 필요성 및 유사개념 검토 15

1. 건강·문화·생태회랑의 필요성 및 개념정립 15
1) 패러다임의 변화 15
2) 선행연구 고찰 18
2. 개념정립을 위한 관련 개념 및 해외사례 검토 25
1) 관련 개념 25
2) 해외사례 검토 31
3) 사례 종합 및 시사점 도출 50
3. 국내 관련정책 검토 54
1) 국내 관련 정책 54
2) 국내 관련정책 검토 종합 61
4. 건강·문화·생태회랑의 개념정립 62
1) 건강·문화·생태회랑의 개념 62
2) 건강·문화·생태회랑의 대상 64

제3장 국내사례 분석을 통한 문제점 도출 67

1. 사례분석 개요 67
2. 사례분석 결과 68
1) 마을길 68
2) 산책로 74
3) 폐도 활용 78
4) 폐철로 활용 81
5) 옛길 84
6) 숲길 87
7) 하천변길 91
8) 해안길 95
3. 기존 「회랑」의 한계 및 문제점 도출 99
1) 계획 및 조성과정 99
2) 관리 및 운영과정 106

제4장 건강·문화·생태회랑의 기능 및 유형구분 109

1. 건강·문화·생태회랑의 기능정립 109
1) 건강·문화·생태회랑의 기능 109
2) 규모 및 목적별 기능분류 110
2. 유형구분의 기본방향 112
3. 유형구분 대안 검토 113
4. 최종대안 선정 117
1) 최종대안 117
2) 유형별 특성 118

제5장 사례분석을 통한 건강·문화·생태 회랑의 구축모형 작성 121

1. 구축의 기본방향 및 작성과정 121
1) 건강·문화·생태회랑 구축 기본방향 121
2) 건강·문화·생태회랑 구축과정 123
2. 사례대상지 적용 125
1) 국토차원의 건강·문화·생태회랑 선정 125
2) 광역차원의 건강·문화·생태회랑 선정 127
3) 지역 및 도시차원의 건강·문화·생태회랑 선정 129
4) 최종 건강·문화·생태회랑 구축방안 131
3. 건강·문화·생태회랑 유형별 구축방향 133
1) 생태형 A : 광역 생태형 회랑 133
2) 생태형 B : 도시 생태형 회랑 135
3) 건강형 A : 도시근교 건강형 회랑 137
4) 건강형 B : 도시내 건강형 회랑 138
5) 역사·문화형 A : 광역 역사·문화형 회랑 140
6) 역사·문화형 B : 도시 역사·문화형 회랑 142
7) 여가형 : 도시 여가형 회랑 144
8) 기존 시설 이용형 146
4. 사례적용시 문제점 및 고려사항 148

제6장 건강·문화·생태회랑 구축 전략 151

1. 계획적 전략 151
1) 건강·문화·생태회랑 마스터플랜의 수립 151
2) 개별 부처별 계획과 사업의 통합 152
2. 정책적 전략 154
1) 재원확보 및 사업추진 방안의 마련 154
2) 녹색 일자리 창출을 위해 건강·문화·생태회랑 조성사업 추진 156
3. 제도적 전략 159
1) 보호지역의 활용을 위한 행위제한 검토 159
2) 창의적인 사유지 보상방안 159
3) 민간참여 활성화 160
4) 건강·문화·생태회랑 인증제도의 도입 161

제7장 결론 163

1. 연구의 의의와 기대효과 163
1) 연구의 의의 163
2) 기대효과 165
2. 연구의 특징과 한계 168
1) 연구의 특징 168 2) 연구의 한계 168
3. 향후 연구과제 169
4. 맺음말 171

참 고 문 헌 173

SUMMARY 177

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별점5점만점에 5점 별점5점만점에 4점 별점5점만점에 3점 별점5점만점에 2점 별점5점만점에 1점

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콘텐츠 큐레이션 : 동일주제 가장 많이 이용된 자료 추천

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